A univoltine species, flying in the spring; from late April to the end of August (Amiet et al., 2004; Müller et al., 2019). The species may overwinter 2 times before emerging as an adult
Parasites: Müller et al. (2019) report the bombyliid fly Anthrax anthrax and Sapyga similis (Sapygidae) as parsites of this species in Switzerland
Osmia nigriventris occurs in temperate grasslands and forests (or forest edges) and in Mediterranean-type shrublands. It nests in insect burrows in dead wood. The cell partitions and nest plug are made of chewed leaves (Benoist 1931, Westrich 1989, Banaszak and Romasenko 2001, Amiet et al. 2004). This species is polylectic, in that it prefers to forage upon a wide range of flowering plants species, with a preference for Vacciniumv spp. (Ericaceae) (Westrich 1989, Amiet et al. 2004).