Bivoltine: The spring brood flying from late March to the end of May, the summer brood from early July to mid or late August. Mavromoustakis (1948, 1954) reports activity in March and April in Cyprus.
In Thessaly (Greece), Standfuss et al. (2011) report flight activity from March to June
At least 6 named sub-species. Females with red markings on the gaster are occasionally found, particularly in the south-eastern counties of England (this colour form is very rare or absent in the south-west). This colour may be related to development at lower temperatures and greater humidity, as in North Africa the gaster of both sexes is characteristically and extensively marked with red.
Parasites and predators: Host of the cleptoparasitic bee Nomada fulvicornis.