Excavator: Ground. This species nests both solitarily (Kocourek, 1966; Westrich, 1989) and in rather large aggregations (R.C.L. Perkins, 1919g; Dylewska, 1987; Westrich, 1989). In North Yorkshire, Cooper (1947) estimated that there were several hundred bees in the dry soil of a fairy ring he excavated in September (the soil being white with the mycelium of an undetermined fungus); very few individuals were found either within or outside this narrow ring, the soil in these areas being rather wet.