Hoplitis (Alcidamea) tuberculata (Nylander, 1848)

Renter: Existing cavities in dead wood. Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in dead wood. Nesting material: Cell partitions made of mud, sometimes also of leaf pulp. Nest plug made of small stones, masticated leaves and pieces of rotten wood; the particles in the end plug are not cemented together and pieces can easily fall off. (Amiet et al., 2004; Frey-Gessner, 1880; Friese, 1923; Giraud, 1861; Grünwaldt, 1939; Käpylä, 1978; Stoeckhert, 1933; Westrich, 1989)

H. tuberculata nests in insect borings in dead wood, where one to several brood cells are built in a linear series. Examination of four nests obtained from trap nests revealed three peculiar characteristics of its nest architecture: i) the 0.3-0.5 cm thick partitions between the brood cells are three-layered consisting of two walls built from masticated leaves which enclose an interlayer that is densely packed with pebbles, earth crumbs and other small particles; ii) in the majority of the nests, a vestibule varying in length from 2.2-8.9 cm and loosely filled with small particles is present between the outermost cell partition and the nest plug; iii) the nest is sealed by a 1.2-1.9 cm long plug consisting of two walls of masticated leaves which enclose a space that is densely packed with small particles and divided up by one to three additional walls. The nest architecture of H. tuberculata is unique among Palaearctic osmiine bees; however, it corresponds to that of three North American species closely related to H. tuberculata (Müller, 2015).

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